Representation of Bay of Bengal Upper-Ocean Salinity in General Circulation Models

Influence of upper-ocean stratification on tropical cyclone-induced surface cooling in the Bay of Bengal

ENSO Bred Vectors in Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere General Circulation Models

The breeding method has been implemented in the NASA Seasonal-to-Interannual Prediction Project (NSIPP) coupled general circulation model (CGCM) with the ultimate goal of improving operational seasonal to interannual climate predictions through ensemble forecasting and data assimilation. This is the first attempt to isolate the evolving ENSO instability and its corresponding global atmospheric ...

Transient Climate Response in Coupled Atmospheric–Ocean General Circulation Models

The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) has a large uncertainty range among models participating in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) and has recently been presented as ‘‘inherently unpredictable.’’ One way to circumvent this problem is to consider the transient climate response (TCR). However, the TCR among AR4 models also differs by more tha...

Understanding El Niño in Ocean–atmosphere General Circulation Models

IRD), Paris, France, and Walker Institute, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom; WittenberG—GFDL, Princeton, New Jersey; Fedorov—Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Collins—Met Office, Hadley Centre, Exeter, United Kingdom; WanG—NOAA/AOML, Miami, Florida; Capotondi—University of Colorado, and NOAA, Boulder, Colorado; oldenborGh—KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands; stoCkdale—ECMWF, Reading...

Part One General Ocean Circulation